1. Implement center standards/daily routines and their interpretation for equine care, maintenance, and usage
2. Implement center standards/daily routines and their interpretation regarding the use of safety equipment and adaptive equipment
3. Condition and maintain program for therapeutic riding equine, including record keeping
4. Implement center standards/daily routines and their interpretations regarding student forms

1. Verify that the student forms are complete and updated for students the apprentice teaches
2. Interpret student forms and apply the information to the riding setting
3. Write and maintain progress notes on riders
4. Complete incident report as needed
5. Comply with confidentiality requirements regarding students
6. Self-evaluate instructional capabilities, facility environment, horse and personnel to determine riders who can be accepted as students
7. Locate information regarding center and instructor certification and accreditation processes

1. Recognize signs and causes of negative equine behaviors (including/not limited to biting, kicking, and crowding personal space)
2. Utilize appropriate types of rewards for equine positive behaviors (including/not limited to release of pressure, verbal praise, or pats/rubs.)
3. Take appropriate actions to protect the safety of people and horses in dangerous situations (i.e. loose horse, misbehaving person, or horse)
4. Train to various needs of an EAS (Equine Assisted Services) program
5. Utilize safe and respectful leading techniques for lessons, such as: At the walk and trot Through turns Through transitions Backing Mounting and dismounting During rider postural adjustments
6. Safely lunge a horse in a circle on a lunge line at the walk, trot and canter

1. Take TPR (temperature, pulse, respiration) of horse
2. Recognize when a horse is unsound and how it may impact equine behavior and inform supervisor

1. Use grooming tools
2. Use appropriate bathing treatment for skin and muscle soreness (i.e. fungicide, liniment, medicated bath)
3. Cool down a horse following a work session including the use of liniments
4. Clip bridle path and fetlocks

1. Correctly fit bell boots
2. Correctly fit split and ankle boots
3. Correctly fit hoof boots
4. Correctly fit exercise boots/wraps
5. Correctly fit safety stirrups and safety helmets to rider
6. Correctly tack a horse
7. Clean, care, and maintain tack
8. Tie safety knots

1. Select and evaluate equipment needs for rider and horse (saddle, saddle pad , bridle, and reins), based on how the equipment affects the horse and the rider
2. Select and evaluate equipment needs to long-line and to lunge a horse
3. Fit and adjust a saddle to maintain the safety and well-being of the horse and rider
4. Fit and adjust a surcingle to maintain the safety and well-being of the horse and rider

1. Check equipment prior to and after mounting
2. Adjust stirrup prior to and after mounting
3. Use safe and effective body mechanics during mounting and dismounting from the ground or a block/ramp

1. Riding/Walk Ride with a secure seat including correct position, posture, and alignment
2. Riding/Walk Ride free walk and working walk (walk)
3. Riding/Walk Ride two-point position over poles (walk)
4. Riding/Walk Shorten and lengthen reins. (walk)
5. Riding/Walk Lengthen and shorten the stride (walk)
6. Riding/Walk Ride with different degrees of contact (walk)
7. Riding/Walk Maintain straightness of the horse (walk)
8. Riding/Walk Effectively maintain control of the horse (walk)
9. Riding/Walk Ride transitions of walk to halt and halt to walk (walk)
10. Riding/Walk Effectively use rein aids (walk)
11. Riding/Walk Effectively use legs aids (walk)
12. Riding/Walk Effectively use seat aids (walk)
13. Riding/Walk Effectively use weight aids (walk)
14. Riding/Walk Effectively use voice aids (walk)
15. Riding/Walk Effectively use crop/whip aids (walk)
16. Riding/Walk Execute leg yield (walk)
17. Riding/Walk Bend a horse through corners and on circles. (walk)
18. Riding/Walk Execute half halt/check (walk)
19. Riding/Walk Ride without stirrups (walk)
20. Riding/Walk Ride suppling exercises for the horse (walk)

1. Riding/ Trot Ride with a secure seat with correct position, posture, and alignment (trot)
2. Riding/ Trot Ride sitting trot (trot)
3. Riding/ Trot Ride posting trot, including correct diagonal(trot)
4. Riding/ Trot Ride two-point over ground poles(trot)
5. Riding/ Trot Shorten and lengthen reins(trot)
6. Riding/ Trot Execute change of diagonals(trot)
7. Riding/ Trot Lengthen and shorten the stride(trot)
8. Riding/ Trot Ride with different degrees of contact(trot)
9. Riding/ Trot Maintain straightness of the horse(trot)
10. Riding/ Trot Effectively maintain control of the horse(trot)
11. Riding/ Trot Ride transitions from walk to trot and trot to walk(trot)
12. Riding/ Trot Ride transition from trot to halt through the walk(trot)
13. Riding/ Trot Effectively use rein aids(trot)
14. Riding/ Trot Effectively use legs aids(trot)
15. Riding/ Trot Effectively use seat aids(trot)
16. Riding/ Trot Effectively use weight aids(trot)
17. Riding/ Trot Effectively use voice aids(trot)
18. Riding/ Trot Effectively use crop/whip aids(trot)
19. Riding/ Trot Bend a horse through corners and on circles. (trot)
20. Riding/ Trot Execute half halt/check(trot)
21. Riding/ Trot Ride without stirrups at the sitting trot(trot)
22. Riding/ Trot Ride suppling exercises for the horse(trot)

1. Riding/Canter/Lope Ride with a secure seat with correct position, posture, and alignment (C&L)
2. Riding/Canter/Lope Correct lead (C&L)
3. Riding/Canter/Lope Shorten and lengthen reins (C&L)
4. Riding/Canter/Lope Ride with different degrees of contact (C&L)
5. Riding/Canter/Lope Maintain straightness of the equine (C&L)
6. Riding/Canter/Lope Effective control of the horse (C&L)
7. Riding/Canter/Lope Ride transition from canter to walk through the trot (C&L)
8. Riding/Canter/Lope Ride transition from walk to canter(C&L)
9. Riding/Canter/Lope Ride transitions from trot to canter and canter to trot(C&L)
10. Riding/Canter/Lope Effectively use rein aids(C&L)
11. Riding/Canter/Lope Effectively use legs aids(C&L)
12. Riding/Canter/Lope Effectively use seat aids(C&L)
13. Riding/Canter/Lope Effectively use weight aids(C&L)
14. Riding/Canter/Lope Effectively use voice aids(C&L)
15. Riding/Canter/Lope Effectively use crop/whip aids(C&L)
16. Riding/Canter/Lope Bend a horse through corners and on circles(C&L)
17. Riding/Canter/Lope Execute half halt/check(C&L)
18. Riding/Canter/Lope Execute simple change of lead through the trot (C&L)
19. Riding/Canter/Lope Ride suppling exercises for the horse(C&L)

1. Riding/ Misc.Warm up the horse prior to a work session
2. Riding/ Misc. Execute ring figures
3. Riding/ Misc. Design and set up of obstacle course.
4. Riding/ Misc. Properly space ground poles.
5. Riding/ Misc. Ride rein back

1. (TL) Lesson Preparation Assess the participant's skills, goals, and objectives
2. (TL) Lesson Preparation Develop a lesson plan to address individual riding goals and objectives
3. (TL) Lesson Preparation Prepare a group lesson plan that teaches all students as a group, but still addresses individual needs
4. (TL) Lesson Preparation Select activities and skills suitable for the objective of the lesson
5. (TL) Lesson Preparation Utilize individual planning tools such as Individual Education Plan (IEP), ISP, etc. if applicable
6. (TL) Lesson Preparation Organize the lesson sequence to progress skills in a logical sequence
7. (TL) Lesson Preparation Implement center standards and their interpretation regarding lesson area
8. (TL) Lesson Preparation Select horse for individual riders according to rider's behavior, riding skill and riding goals
9. (TL) Lesson Preparation Select horse for individual riders according to equine's movement quality, temperament, height, size

1. (TL) Horsemanship Preparation and Safety Orientate student to facility (i.e. stable rules and safety rules)
2. (TL) Horsemanship Preparation and Safety Instruct grooming and tacking
3. (TL) Horsemanship Preparation and Safety Instruct tying of safety knot
4. (TL) Horsemanship Preparation and Safety Instruct haltering and leading
5. (TL) Horsemanship Preparation and Safety Instruct proper riding attire

1. (TL) Teaching Mounts and Dismounts Instruct equipment checks prior to and after mounting
2. (TL) Teaching Mounts and Dismounts Instruct stirrup adjustment prior to and after mounting
3. (TL) Teaching Mounts and Dismounts Mount from ground or block and dismount to ground.

1. (TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct a secure seat, including correct position, posture, and alignment (walk)
2. (TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct free walk and working walk (walk)
3. (TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct two-point position over poles (walk)
4. (TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct shortening and lengthening reins. (walk)
5. (TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct lengthening and shortening the stride (walk)
6. (TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct different degrees of contact (walk)
7. (TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct maintaining straightness of the horse (walk)
8. (TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct effective control of the horse (walk)
9. (TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct transitions from walk to halt and halt to walk (walk)
10. (TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct effective use of rein aids (walk)
11. (TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct effective use of legs aids (walk)
12. (TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct effective use of seat aids (walk)
13. (TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct effective use of weight aids (walk)
14. (TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct effective use of voice aids (walk)
15. (TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct effective use of crop/whip aids (walk)
16. (TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct leg yield (walk)
17. (TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct bending a horse through corners and on circles. (walk)
18. (TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct half halt/check (walk)
19. (TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct riding without stirrups (walk)
20. (TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct suppling exercises for the horse (walk)

1. (TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct a secure seat with correct position, posture, and alignment (trot)
2. (TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct sitting trot (trot)
3. (TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct posting trot, including correct diagonal (trot)
4. (TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct two-point over ground poles trot
5. (TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct shortening and lengthening reins trot
6. (TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct change of diagonals (trot)
7. (TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct lengthening and shortening of the stride trot
8. (TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct different degrees of contact trot
9. (TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct maintain straightness of the horse trot
10. (TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct effective control of the horse trot
11. (TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct transitions from walk to trot and trot to walk trot
12. (TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct transitions from trot to halt through the walk trot
13. (TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct effective use of rein aids trot
14. (TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct effective use of legs aids trot
15. (TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct effective use of seat aids (trot)
16. (TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct effective use of weight aids (trot)
17. (TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct effective use of voice aids (trot)
18. (TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct effective use of crop/whip aids (trot)
19. (TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct leg yield (trot)
20. (TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct bending a horse through corners and on circles. (trot)
21. (TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct half halt/check (trot)
22. (TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct riding without stirrups at the sitting trot (trot)
23. (TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct supplying exercises for the horse (trot)

1. (TL) Teaching Riders to Canter/Lope Instruct a secure seat with correct position, posture, and alignment (C&L)
2. (TL) Teaching Riders to Canter/Lope Instruct correct lead (C&L)
3. (TL) Teaching Riders to Canter/Lope Instruct shortening and lengthening reins (C&L)
4. (TL) Teaching Riders to Canter/Lope Instruct different degrees of contact (C&L)
5. (TL) Teaching Riders to Canter/Lope Instruct maintaining straightness of the horse (C&L)
6. (TL) Teaching Riders to Canter/Lope Instruct effective control of the horse (C&L)
7. (TL) Teaching Riders to Canter/Lope Instruct transitions from canter to walk through the trot (C&L)
8. (TL) Teaching Riders to Canter/Lope Instruct transitions from walk to canter (C&L)
9. (TL) Teaching Riders to Canter/Lope Instruct transitions from trot to canter and canter to trot (C&L)
10. (TL) Teaching Riders to Canter/Lope Instruct effective use of rein aids (C&L)
11. (TL) Teaching Riders to Canter/Lope Instruct effective use of legs aids (C&L)
12. (TL) Teaching Riders to Canter/Lope Instruct effective use of seat aids (C&L)
13. (TL) Teaching Riders to Canter/Lope Instruct effective use of weight aids (C&L)
14. (TL) Teaching Riders to Canter/Lope Instruct effective use of voice aids (C&L)
15. (TL) Teaching Riders to Canter/Lope Instruct effective use of crop/whip aids (C&L)
16. (TL) Teaching Riders to Canter/Lope Instruct bending a horse through corners and on circles. (C&L)
17. (TL) Teaching Riders to Canter/Lope Instruct half halt/check (C&L)
18. (TL) Teaching Riders to Canter/Lope Instructs imple change of lead through the trot (C&L)
19. (TL) Teaching Riders to Canter/Lope Instruct suppling exercises for the horse (C&L)

1. (TL) Miscellaneous Teaching Competencies Instruct warm up of a horse prior to session
2. (TL) Miscellaneous Teaching Competencies Instruct appropriate use of spurs
3. (TL) Miscellaneous Teaching Competencies Instruct use of leading/opening rein aids
4. (TL) Miscellaneous Teaching Competencies Instruct use of neck rein aids
5. (TL) Miscellaneous Teaching Competencies Instruct use of direct rein aids
6. (TL) Miscellaneous Teaching Competencies Instruct use of indirect rein aids
7. (TL) Miscellaneous Teaching Competencies Instruct use of pulley rein aids
8. (TL) Miscellaneous Teaching Competencies Instruct riding ring figures
9. (TL) Miscellaneous Teaching Competencies Instruct execution of obstacle course
10. (TL) Miscellaneous Teaching Competencies Instruct rein back
11. (TL) Miscellaneous Teaching Competencies Instruct mounted rider exercises at the walk and trot
12. (TL) Miscellaneous Teaching Competencies Instruct appropriate games in the riding setting
13. (TL) Miscellaneous Teaching Competencies Instruct a rider on a lunge line

1. Adaptive/Therapeutic Lessons (A/TL ) Assess the participant's skills, goals, and objectives
2. Adaptive/Therapeutic Lessons (A/TL ) Develop a lesson plan to address individual riding goals and objectives
3. Adaptive/Therapeutic Lessons (A/TL ) Prepare a group lesson plan that teaches all students as a group, but still addresses individual needs
4. Adaptive/Therapeutic Lessons (A/TL ) Select activities and skills suitable for the objective of the lesson
5. Adaptive/Therapeutic Lessons (A/TL ) Utilize individual planning tools such as Individual Education Plan (IEP), ISP, etc. if applicable
6. Adaptive/Therapeutic Lessons (A/TL ) Organize the lesson sequence to progress skills in a logical sequence
7. Adaptive/Therapeutic Lessons (A/TL ) Implement center standards and their interpretation regarding lesson area
8. Adaptive/Therapeutic Lessons (A/TL ) Select horse for individual riders according to rider's behavior, riding skill and riding goal
9. Adaptive/Therapeutic Lessons (A/TL ) Select horse for individual riders according to equine's movement quality, temperament, height, size

1. (A/TL) Horsemanship Preparation and Safety Orientate student to facility (i.e. stable rules and safety rules)
2. (A/TL) Horsemanship Preparation and Safety Instruct grooming and tacking
3. (A/TL) Horsemanship Preparation and Safety Instruct tying of safety knot
4. (A/TL) Horsemanship Preparation and Safety Instruct haltering and leading
5. (A/TL) Horsemanship Preparation and Safety Instruct proper riding attire

1. (A/TL) Teaching Mounts and Dismounts Instruct execution of tack check procedures appropriate to the lesson setting
2. (A/TL) Teaching Mounts and Dismounts Instruct lesson team on effective assistance on mounting and dismounting during the lesson
3. (A/TL) Teaching Mounts and Dismounts Instruct lesson team on equipment checks prior to and after mounting
4. (A/TL) Teaching Mounts and Dismounts Instruct lesson team on stirrup adjustment prior to and after mounting
5. (A/TL) Teaching Mounts and Dismounts Instruct rider during independent croup mounts from the mounting block and ramp
6. (A/TL) Teaching Mounts and Dismounts Instruct rider during partially-assisted croup mounts from the mounting block and ramp
7. (A/TL) Teaching Mounts and Dismounts Instruct rider during fully-assisted croup mounts from the mounting block and ramp
8. (A/TL) Teaching Mounts and Dismounts Instruct rider during independent croup dismounts to the ground
9. (A/TL) Teaching Mounts and Dismounts Instruct rider during partially-assisted croup dismounts to the ground
10. (A/TL) Teaching Mounts and Dismounts Instruct rider during fully-assisted croup dismounts to the ground
11. (A/TL) Teaching Mounts and Dismounts Instruct rider during independent crest mounts from the mounting block and ramp
12. (A/TL) Teaching Mounts and Dismounts Instruct rider during partially-assisted crest mounts from the mounting block and ramp
13. (A/TL) Teaching Mounts and Dismounts Instruct rider during fully-assisted crest mounts from the mounting block and ramp
14. (A/TL) Teaching Mounts and Dismounts Instruct rider during independent crest dismounts to the ground and to a wheelchair
15. (A/TL) Teaching Mounts and Dismounts Instruct rider during partially-assisted crest dismounts to the ground and to a wheelchair
16. (A/TL) Teaching Mounts and Dismounts Instruct rider during fully-assisted crest dismounts to the ground and to a wheelchair

1. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct a secure seat, including correct position, posture, and alignment (walk)
2. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct free walk and working walk (walk)
3. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct two-point position over poles (walk)
4. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct shortening and lengthening reins. (walk)
5. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct light contact (walk)
6. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct maintaining straightness of the horse (walk)
7. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct effective control of the horse (walk)
8. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct transitions from walk to halt and halt to walk (walk)
9. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct effective use of rein aids (walk)
10. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct effective use of legs aids (walk)
11. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruck effective use of seat aids (walk)
12. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct effective use of weight aids (walk)
13. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct effective use of voice aids (walk)
14. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct effective use of crop/whip aids (walk)
15. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct bending a horse through corners and on circles. (walk)
16. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct half halt/check (walk)
17. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Walk Instruct riding without stirrups (walk)

1. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct a secure seat with correct position, posture, and alignment. (trot)
2. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct sitting trot(trot)
3. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct posting trot, including correct diagonal(trot)
4. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct two-point over ground poles(trot)
5. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct shortening and lengthening reins. (trot)
6. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct change of diagonals(trot)
7. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct light of contact(trot)
8. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct maintaining straightness of the horse(trot)
9. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct effective control of the horse(trot)
10. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct transitions from walk to trot and trot to walk(trot)
11. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct transition from trot to halt through the walk(trot)
12. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct effective use of rein aids(trot)
13. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct effective use of legs aids(trot)
14. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct effective use of seat aids(trot)
15. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct effective use of weight aids(trot)
16. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct effective use of voice aids(trot)
17. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct effective use of crop/whip aids(trot)
18. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Trot Instruct half halt/check (trot)

1. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Canter /Lope Instruct a secure seat with correct position, posture, and alignment (C&L)
2. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Canter /Lope Instruct correct lead (C&L)
3. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Canter /Lope Instruct shortening and lengthening reins(C&L)
4. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Canter /Lope Instruct light contact(C&L)
5. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Canter /Lope Instruct maintaining straightness of the horse(C&L)
6. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Canter /Lope Instruct effective control of the horse (C&L)
7. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Canter /Lope Instruct transition from trot to canter and canter to trot(C&L)
8. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Canter /Lope Instruct effective use of rein aids(C&L)
9. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Canter /Lope Instruct effective use of legs aids(C&L)
10. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Canter /Lope Instruct effective use of seat aids (C&L)
11. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Canter /Lope Instruct effective use of weight aids (C&L)
12. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Canter /Lope Instruct effective use of voice aids (C&L)
13. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Canter /Lope Instruct effective use of crop/whip aids (C&L)
14. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Canter /Lope Instruct bending a horse through corners and on circles. (C&L)
15. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Canter /Lope Instruct half halt/check(C&L)
16. (A/TL) Teaching Riders to Canter /Lope Instruct simple change of lead through the trot (C&L)

1. Miscellaneous Teaching Competencies Instruct warm up of a horse prior to a work session
2. Miscellaneous Teaching Competencies Instruct use of leading/opening rein aids
3. Miscellaneous Teaching Competencies Instruct use of neck rein aids
4. Miscellaneous Teaching Competencies Instruct use of direct rein aids
5. Miscellaneous Teaching Competencies Instruct use of pulley rein aids
6. Miscellaneous Teaching Competencies Instruct ring figures
7. Miscellaneous Teaching Competencies Instruct execution of obstacle course.
8. Miscellaneous Teaching Competencies Instruct rein back
9. Miscellaneous Teaching Competencies Instruct mounted rider exercises at the walk and trot
10. Miscellaneous Teaching Competencies Instruct appropriate games in the riding setting
11. Miscellaneous Teaching Competencies Instruct a rider on a lunge line.
12. Miscellaneous Teaching Competencies Instruct group lessons of two or more riders
13. Miscellaneous Teaching Competencies Execute ground lessons (i.e. stable management, horse anatomy, simulated riding)
14. Miscellaneous Teaching Competencies Provide effective support for the rider as a sidewalker

1. (AL) Teaching Strategies and Methods Adapt teaching strategies as needed during lesson
2. (AL) Teaching Strategies and Methods Teach to the level of students' emotional learning and physical and cognitive ability
3. (AL) Teaching Strategies and Methods Fairly and consistently apply standards of student behavior
4. (AL) Teaching Strategies and Methods Progress student towards independence
5. (AL) Teaching Strategies and Methods Effectively include volunteers during lesson
6. (AL) Teaching Strategies and Methods Create/select appropriate games and exercises
7. (AL) Teaching Strategies and Methods Provide appropriate and effective feedback to the rider
8. (AL) Teaching Strategies and Methods Adapt and correct equipment during lesson
9. (AL) Teaching Strategies and Methods Provide “what’s”, “how’s”, and “why’s” to the student rider
10. (AL) Teaching Strategies and Methods Maintain control of class
11. (AL) Teaching Strategies and Methods Use safe spacing and procedures
12. (AL) Teaching Strategies and Methods Effectively use communication techniques, including clear and concise instructions
13. (AL) Teaching Strategies and Methods Address different learning styles of riders, including auditory, kinesthetic, and visual
14. (AL) Teaching Strategies and Methods Develop and manage effective instructional team, including the instructor, support professionals, horse handlers, sidewalkers, family, and the student.
15. (AL) Teaching Strategies and Methods Determine rider placement, within a group lesson, according to disability, age, size, and skill/ability

Industry resources and services available to the instructor Benefits of EAS specific to individual disabilities The realms of therapeutic riding

The horse's senses, how they contribute to behavior, response to stimuli, and affect the safety within the ridingsetting. Techniques used to warm up the horse prior to an EAS session. Behavioral characteristics of a lesson- ready equine. Techniques used to cool down an equine following a work session. Stable vices, including cribbing, weaving, wind sucking, stall walking, biting, kicking and wood chewing.

Feed requirements of the equine, including hay, salt and minerals, grain, feeding intervals and water. Signs of poor-quality feed.

Appropriate protection for equines, including fly masks and bonnets, shelter, and fly repellents. Appropriate bedding materials. Potential stall and fencing hazards. Pest concerns as well as management Use of blankets, sheets, coolers, and turnout rugs Turnout and stabling options

Signs of good health Signs of a well-conditioned horse (mental and physical) Signs of metabolic disorders Signs oflaminitis, thrush, abscess Signs of ringworm, rain rot Signs of colic, dehydration Signs of weight gain or loss Signs of heat stroke Signs of stress Signs of dental problems Signs of illness, sickness, injury Recognize the signs of parasites, intestinal worms Signs oflice, ticks Signs of choke Typical inoculations Prevention protocols for following diseases, including but not limited to, distemper (strangles), Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE), West Nile (WNV), Influenza, Potomac horse fever (PHF), Rabies, Tetanus, Pneumonia, Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM), exertional rhabdomyolysis (tying up), hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP), and anhidrosis Programs and intervals for deworming, vaccination, hoof and teeth care programs to maintain equine health. How and when to to clip an equine for: Maintenance with a muzzle Blanket clip Hunter clip Body clip Trace clip Belly and 1rullet clip Demonstrate first-aid treatment for: Abrasions Lacerations Clean cuts Bruises Puncture wounds Proud flesh Sprains/strains Shock Identify types of shoes and their functions. Identify characteristics of a correctly and incorrectly shod foot and trimmed/bare foot .

Purpose, use and function of bits: action of a straight and jointed snaffle, types of check pieces and function, curbs and related shanks, curb chains, gags. Purpose, use/non-use, and function of: Bitless bridles Long-lines Bridles Martingales English and western saddles Saddle pads Bareback pads Side reins Adaptive equipment Breastplates and collars Tie- downs Draw-reins Cruppers Identify and know the purpose, use, and function of safe riding attire. Know the parts of English and western saddles and bridles. The proper use of spurs

Basic anatomic parts of the equine. Conformation and the parts of the horse and how they relate to form and function Characteristics of an EAS equine. Identify and describe the footfalls (including identifying evenness/unevenness of gait) for: Walk Trot Canter Develop a conditioning and maintenance program to improve/maintain performance of the therapeutic eauine includine:: Luncine: Schooline: Suooline: Trainine:oroe:ression Identify conformation faults and how they affect the function of the therapeutic riding horse

Terminology related to movement and posture, including but not limited to, abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, rotation, midline, anterior, posterior Muscles that are important in equine activities Bones that are important in equine activities Parts of the brain as they relate to learning skills and to emotions.

Precautions and contraindications to therapeutic riding Definition, causes, characteristics and teaching management for amputation or limb differences Definition, causes, characteristics and teaching management for apraxia Definition, causes, characteristics and teaching management for arthritis Definition, causes, characteristics and teaching management for asthma Definition, causes, characteristics and teaching management for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Definition, causes, characteristics and teaching management for autism spectrum disorder Definition, causes, characteristics and teaching management for behavior disorders Definition, causes, characteristics and teaching management for Cerebral Palsy Definition, causes, characteristics and teaching management for cerebral vascular accident (stroke) Definition, causes, characteristics and teaching management for developmental delays Definition, causes, characteristics and teaching management for Down syndrome Definition, causes, characteristics and teaching management for Dwarfism Definition, causes, characteristics and teaching management for emotional disturbances Definition, causes, characteristics and teaching management for Epilepsy Definition, causes, characteristics and teaching management for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Definition, causes, characteristics and teaching management for hearing impaired Definition, causes, characteristics and teaching management for Hydrocephalus Definition, causes, characteristics and teaching management for intellectual disabilities Definition, causes, characteristics and teaching management for learning disabilities Definition, causes, characteristics and teaching management for limb deficiencies Definition, causes, characteristics and teaching management for Multiple Sclerosis Definition, causes, characteristics and teaching management for Muscular Dystrophy Definition, causes, characteristics and teaching management for Poliomyelitis Definition, causes, characteristics and teaching management for Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder Definition, causes, characteristics and teaching management for scoliosis Definition, causes, characteristics and teaching management for seizures Definition, causes, characteristics and teaching management for Spina bifida Definition, causes, characteristics and teaching management for spinal cord injury Definition, causes, characteristics and teaching management for Traumatic Brain Injury Definition, causes, characteristics and teaching management for visual impairment Definition, causes, characteristics and teaching management for other disabilities that one may teach How to locate information pertaining to all disabilities Understand equine selection considerations for disabilities listed above.

Appropriate use of the following teaching techniques: Cueing Repetition Modeling Prompting Scaffolding

Personal-social (self-concept, self- regulation, interpersonal skills, self-help skills) Cognition (attention and memory, visual perception, play skills, tool use, problem solving/reasoning, concept development) Communication (receptive vocabulary, expressive vocabulary, auditory processing, conversational skills) Fine motor (imitation, grasp and manipulation, tool use, bilateral skills, visual-motor skills) Gross motor (posture and locomotion, balance, play skills)